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Terms Related to Anthracite

Anthracite comes from the Greek word anthrakts, which means "coal-like." Black coal, hard coal, stone coal, dark coal, coffee coal, blind coal (in Scotland), Kilkenny coal (in Ireland), crow coal or craw coal, and black diamond are other names for anthracite. The word "Blue Coal" refers to a once-popular and trademarked brand of anthracite mined by the Glen Alden Coal Company in Pennsylvania and dyed blue at the mine before being shipped to northeastern U.S. markets to differentiate it from its rivals.

In British and American English, the word culm has different connotations. The imperfect anthracite of north Devon and Cornwall, which was used as a dye, is known as "culm" in British English. Some Carboniferous rock strata found in both Britain and the Rhenish hill countries are often referred to by this name (the Culm Measures). Finally, it may apply to coal exported from the United Kingdom in the nineteenth century. The waste or slack from anthracite mining, often dust and small parts not suitable for use in home furnaces, is referred to as "culm" in American English.

Different Forms of Anthracite Fuel

Burnglo Anthracite Smokeless Fuel

Burnglo Anthracite Smokeless Fuel is a great value for money standard grade coal that's ideal for smoke control areas. It produces a decent amount of heat over a long period of time and has a low, blue flame. Customers that use Burnglo Anthracite Smokeless Fuel in closed appliances such as room heaters, glass-fronted stoves, boilers, and cookers love it.

Anthracite Beans

Anthracite Beans are uniformly sized bits of high-grade coal that burn cleanly. They produce a lot of heat and burn with a low flame for a long time. Anthracite Beans produce little compact ash, making them ideal for use in gravity and hopper-fed boilers.

Anthracite Grains

Anthracite Grains are smaller, evenly sized pieces of coal with a long fire life and high heat production than Anthracite Beans. Anthracite Grains are used in gravity and hopper fed boilers to produce low, compact ash.

High-Grade Forms of Anthracite

The highest grades of anthracite coal are high grade (HG) and ultra high grade (UHG). They are the purest types of coal, with the highest degree of coalification, carbon count, and energy content, as well as the fewest impurities (moisture, ash and volatiles).

High grade and ultra high-grade anthracite are tougher and have a higher relative density than normal grade anthracite. C240H90O4NS, which represents 94 percent biomass, is an example of a chemical formula for high-grade anthracite. The carbon content of UHG anthracite is usually about 95%.

They are also used in metallurgy as a cost-effective replacement for coke in processes such as sintering and pelletizing, as well as pulverised coal injection (PCI) and direct injection into blast furnaces, as opposed to standard grade anthracite (used primarily for power generation). They can also be used to purify water and as a smokeless fuel in the home.

The overall anthracite industry is made up of just a small proportion of HG and UHG anthracite. Russia, Ukraine, Vietnam, South Africa, and the United States are the main producers.

Anthracite is a chemical intermediate between ordinary bituminous coal and graphite, formed by the more or less complete removal of the volatile constituents of the former, and it is most abundant in areas subjected to significant stresses and pressures, such as the flanks of large mountain ranges. Anthracite is associated with highly deformed sedimentary rocks exposed to higher pressures and temperatures (but not metamorphic conditions), whereas bituminous coal is associated with less deformed or flat-lying sedimentary rocks.

Deep mined compressed layers of anthracite in the folded Ridge and Valley Province of the Appalachian Mountains of East-central Pennsylvania, for example, are extensions of the same layers of bituminous coal. These are mined on the Allegheny Plateau of Kentucky and West Virginia, Eastern Ohio, and Western Pennsylvania, where the sedimentary rocks are mostly smooth and undeformed. Similarly, South Wales' anthracite area is limited to the twisted section west of Swansea and Lanelle, with the central and eastern parts supplying steam coal, coking coal, and domestic house coals.

Anthracite's structure has been altered by the formation of secondary divisional planes and fissures, making the initial stratification lines difficult to see. The thermal conductivity is also higher; when kept in the warm hand, a lump of anthracite feels noticeably colder than a comparable lump of bituminous coal at the same temperature. In the article coal, the chemical composition of some common anthracites is given. Anthracite resembles a mineraloid jet in appearance and is often used as a jet substitute.

Source:

https://www.vedantu.com/chemistry/anthracite